SRT, with the computer-gaming reaction test of Human Benchmark, was designed to evaluate the reaction time to frontal visual stimuli. The ISG included 278 right-handed laterality athletes (83.7%) and 54 left-handed laterality athletes (16.3%). The distribution of athletes according to the practiced sport by ISG included: boxing 46 (13.9%), gymnastics 58 (17.5%), judo 64 (19.3%), karate 62 (18.7%), wrestling 48 (14.4%), taekwondo 54 (16.2%). The subjects of the study were active athletes practicing various sports at a competitive youth and senior levels individual sports practitioners (ISG). The exclusion criteria: practicing other types of individual sports than those under study upper body injuries requiring more than one month of rest. The subjects were randomly selected for the study. The inclusion criteria were: active athletes, participants in national and international competitions in 20. This cross-sectional study included 332 students specialized in physical education and sports: 187 (56.32%) from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Targu Mures, Romania and 145 (43.68%) from Kostamonu University, Turkey. The study aimed at assessing SRT, RRT and CRT. The results of the study should enhance our understanding of the interrelationship between the dominant and non-dominant hand actions in optimizing sports performances. The aim of the study was to explore the differences between simple reaction time, recognition reaction time and cognitive reaction time, between the right hand and the left hand according to the types of sport using computer games as measurement tools. Īn innovative aspect of this study consists highlighting the interrelationships between the dominant and non-dominant hand (hand-D and hand-nonD), as well as the specific executions with the right and the left hand of the athletes in six studied sports in terms of SRT, RRT, CRT. Computer games are used in physical education and sport in order to improve some skills and optimize the evaluation process. Ĭomputer-based assessment of reaction time offers benefits over paper-and-pencil measures in the form of millisecond timing accuracy, reliable and randomized presentation of stimuli over multiple trials and repeated administrations and unobtrusive measurement of cognitive skills and reaction times during all aspects of the assessment process.

Reaction time components are: mental processing time, afferent nerve conduction time, movement analysis time and device response time, and they are affected by: age, training condition, biological rhythm and, health conditions. Research on the hand laterality facilitated the understanding of the way of training and control: characteristics and reaction time of motor skills, responsiveness and motor coordination, thus contributing to optimizing human motor capacity.įactors that can affect the average human reaction time (RT) include: age, sex, left- or right-hand dominance, central and peripheral vision, practice, fatigue, fasting, breathing cycle, types of personality, exercise and intelligence of the subject.

Cognitive reaction time (CRT) consists of identifying the significance of the stimuli, the association and application of knowledge in order to develop an optimal cognitive response in agreement with the stimulus complexity. Recognition reaction time (RRT) involves a cognitive process of selecting the optimal response to multiple stimuli, and the response is dependent on the type and form of the stimuli. Simple reaction time (SRT) is a simple reaction to a single stimulus. The outcomes of our study indicate that the reaction times of left and right hands were influenced by the hand laterality, the type of applied stimulus, the stress complexity of tests and the type of practiced sport. Athletes had better recognition and cognitive reaction time with the right hand than with the left hand regardless of the dominant hand. (4) Conclusions: Athletes had better simple reaction with the left hand than with the right hand. (3) Results: For dominant and non-dominant hands, better results of individual sports were for: simply reaction time-boxing recognition reaction time-taekwondo cognitive reaction-judo. We applied three types of computer tests to measure the dominant and non-dominant hands: the simple motor reaction time through the Human Benchmark test, the recognition time by the Hit-the-dots and the cognitive reaction time by the Trail making test part B. (2) Methods: Our study involved 332 students and athletes. (1) Aim: The study aimed at assessing simple-reaction, recognition and cognitive-reaction times to visual stimuli among student athletes: boxing, gymnastics, taekwondo, judo, karate and wrestling, using computer games tests.

Human benchmark meaning